The resolution of an ADC is one of its most important performance indicators. It indicates the smallest amount of signal change that the converter can distinguish, usually expressed in units of bits (bit).   
The sampling rate of ADC refers to the number of times an analogue signal is sampled in a certain period of time.
The input voltage range of ADC refers to the amplitude range of the analogue signal that can be effectively converted.
The function of ADC is to convert a continuous analogue signal into a discrete digital signal so that it can be processed and analysed by a digital system. ADC is used to measure analogue signals from sensors in automated control systems.
Some ADCs can contain other functions such as amplifiers, filters, etc. to improve system integration.
ADCs are widely used in embedded systems, such as medical devices, industrial controls, etc., to convert and process digital and analogue signals.  

Audio processing: ADCs are commonly used in audio equipment such as mixers, amplifiers and digital audio workstations to convert analogue audio signals to digital signals for processing.
Instrumentation and Control: ADCs are used in instrumentation and control systems to monitor and convert physical parameters such as temperature, pressure and voltage.
Data Acquisition: ADCs are used in data acquisition systems to convert analogue signals from sensors and transducers into digital form for processing and analysis.
Medical Imaging: ADCs are used in medical imaging equipment such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machines to convert analogue signals from the patient's body into digital form for image reconstruction.


Common Brands:

Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI)

Analog Devices, Inc.

Renesas Electronics America

Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors)

Microchip Technology


Recommended Parts:

ADC10662CIWMX

AD9627ABCPZ-80

ISL26313FBZ

ADC1003S050TS/C1:1

MCP33141D-05T-E/MN